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(552) Born alone, die alone [thought]

  Jakuchou Setouchi died of heart failure at a hospital in Kyoto at 99 on Nov. 9. She was a Japanese Buddhist nun and novelist. She translated "Tale of Genji", a 1,000-year-old classic, into modern Japanese. She debuted 1957 and has since published more than 400 books. 

  I am not a fan of her, but last month, I happened to buy one of her books, named "Beautiful Sutra", utsukushii okyou. I looked for some words of Ippen shounin, a Japanese Buddhist itinerant preacher. I am interested in him because he was born here in Dogo, Matsuyama in 1239.
I found one of quotations from Saint Ippen in this book.
美しいお経

美しいお経

  • 作者: 瀬戸内 寂聴
  • 出版社/メーカー: 嶋中書店
  • 発売日: 2021/11/23
  • メディア: 単行本
一遍上人s 2017.01.26 adjusted.JPG
Saint Ippen at Hogonji temple
一遍上人像 宝厳寺 松山市

生ぜしもひとりなり
死するも独りなり
されば人と共に住するもひとりなり
添い果(は)つるべき人なきゆえなり

We are alone when we are born.
We are alone when we die.
Then we live with people but we are still alone.
Because there is no one to hang on until death.


  This quotation caused me to remember Sato 
Haruo's poem.

佐藤春夫 殉情詩集(1921年(大正10年)7月)

殉情詩集・我が一九二二年 (講談社文芸文庫)

殉情詩集・我が一九二二年 (講談社文芸文庫)

  • 出版社/メーカー: 講談社
  • 発売日: 1997/07/10
  • メディア: 文庫
佐藤春夫詩集 堀口大學編 s.jpg
  • 作者: 佐藤春夫
  • 出版社/メーカー: 角川文庫
  • 発売日: 1966/4/30
  • メディア: 文庫本

斷片

われら土より出[い]でたれば土にかへる
われら裸[はだか]にて生まれたれば裸にて生く。
げにもよ―
われらひとりにて産まれたればひとりにて生く。
ひとりにて生きて、さてひとりにて死にゆく・・・・・・

Fragment

If we come out of the soil, we will go to the soil.
We were born naked, so, we live naked.
Indeed.
We were born alone, therefore, we live alone.
Live alone and then die alone.
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(551) Mentoring in Toastmasters [英作文]

  The purpose of my speech today is to clearly define how Toastmasters envisions mentoring. First of all, a mentor is an unfamiliar word to me, maybe to most of Japanese, What is a mentor? Oxford dictionary says a mentor is a person who gives advice to a younger or less experienced person. This explanation reminds me of several pairs of words in Japanese. Here are three of them.

1. Senpai(先輩) and kohai(後輩)
2. Shishou(師匠) and deshi(弟子) Master and pupil
3. Toryo(棟梁) and deshi(弟子) Master and apprentice

Senpai and kohai relation
後輩にアドバイス s.jpg
  A management consultant specializing in cross-cultural communication, wrote about senpai/kohai and mentor/mentee. She said that in a sense, the senpai/kohai relationship is analogous to the mentor/mentee type relationship that is common in many American organizations. The difference is that the mentor/mentee relationship generally between two people who do not regularly work together, while in Japan your senpai is often someone you work with.

Shamisen master (mistress) and pupil
  This is my shamisen mistress's handwritten flyer of her class.
shamisen flyer 2021_11_12_2塗りつぶし s.jpg三味線引く女性 s.jpg
Teaching style is one-to-one lessons given by a mistress to a pupil. There also are class lessons of singing songs. Students pay fees.

Carpenter Master and apprentice
大工さん s.jpg
  Masters called toryo(棟梁) hand down the technique to their pupils. It is said that an apprentice needs at least five years to master carpenter's skills. but nowadays toryo/deshi, in English master/apprentice relation is not an only way to learning traditional carpenter's technique. Some can learn the technique in carpenter schools.

Toastmasters' mentor
mentor s.jpg
  In Toastmasters mentor/protege(
protégé) relation is used in place of mentor /mentee relation. In Toastmasters' mentoring program a mentor is helping his protege plan for a challenging speech. Protege means that a person under the care and protection of an influential person. So, the mentor must be an influential person. Protege means protected in French.
  Protege, meaning protected, is benefitting. It's easy to understand this. And I thought that being a mentor is just a tiring role.

  But I've changed my mind after I read Albert Einstein words.
Albert Einstein trimed s.jpg
He once said that "if you can't explain it to a six-year-old, you don't understand it yourself." Toastmasters says that the mentor-protege relation is important and mutually beneficial. Now I agree with this. If you are a mentor, you clean up your explanation to make it easy for another person to understand. Mentors will become better communicators and listeners by virtue of being in a mentoring relationship.
  To become a mentor, a member must be in good standing for at least six months, complete an entire path of Toastmasters program, and successfully complete mentorship. This is an important point. So, I have to find my mentor as a protege first of all. Understanding the role of the protege is fundamental to being the best mentor you can be.

Mentor vs Coaching
メンター s.jpgコーチ s.jpg
  Mentors and coaches are often thought of as having similar roles. But there are clear differences between them. Toastmasters' mentoring is different from coaching. For example, coaches determine tasks and steps for accomplishment. On the contrary in mentoring proteges determine tasks and steps by themselves. Another example, coaches give specific feedback and direction, but mentors give general, non-judgemental feedback and support. This is how Toastmasters envisions mentoring.
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(550) Twenty Months in Japan / 6. House [翻訳]

はじめに

 この冊子(Twenty Months in Japan)の著者であるHawkinsは、明治25年(1892)夏から27年(1894)春まで、アメリカYMCA教師として伊予尋常中学校の英語教師として勤務した。後に夏目金之助が英語教師として明治二八年四月(1895)に松山へ来ている、夏目金之助(漱石)の前任教師がジョンソンJohnson Cameronであるので、H.G. Hawkinsは前前任者にあたる。

 この節では、日本の家について書いている。今回は読み進むなかで、ヒッコリーと日本クルミという木材のことを調べた。さらに、この明治時代に西洋鉋が日本に紹介され、日本の鉋が一枚刃から二枚刃に変わり始めたことを知った。Hawkinsが目撃した日本人大工の素晴らしい鉋かけの技に使われていたのは、古来の一枚刃鉋だったのだろうか?

(春ちゃん 記)


6. HOUSE 日本の家

  The houses are built mainly of wood and plaster. They are light and airy, usually one story high1). The roofs are generally of tiles, but sometimes thatched. The lumber2) is gotten mainly by hand. Into a nice house oftentimes the carpenter will tastily put as a column3) a trunk of hickory4) or other wood with bark and nice knots remaining on it, just as it came from nature.

 家は主に木と漆喰で作られている。それらは軽くて風通しが良く、通常は1階建てである。屋根は一般的には瓦葺きだが、茅葺きの場合もある。材木は主に手作業で製材されている。立派な家には、大工が、まるで自然そのままに、樹皮と趣のあるコブを残したヒッコリー(クルミの類)などの木の幹を家の丸柱として味わい深く組み込んでいることがある。

1) one story high: 一階建て
2) lumber: 材木、木材
3) column: 丸柱
4) hickory: ヒッコリー
 Family: Juglandaceae
   Genus: Carya
   The genus Carya is in the walnut family, Juglandaceae.
hickory trimmed.jpg
Pockets TREES written by  Theresa Greenaway


オニグルミ(鬼胡桃)
 クルミ科クルミ属に属する、落葉性の高木である

 科: クルミ科 Juglandaceae
 属: クルミ属 Juglans
オニグルミ trimmed.jpg
この木なんの木?がひと目でわかる! 散歩の樹木図鑑

この木なんの木?がひと目でわかる! 散歩の樹木図鑑

  • 作者: 岩槻秀明
  • 出版社/メーカー: 新星出版社
  • 発売日: 2016/07/01
  • メディア: Kindle版

  What is the difference between hickory and walnut?
As nouns the difference between hickory and walnut is that hickory is any of various deciduous hardwood trees of the genus carya dor (taxlink) while walnut is a hardwood tree of the genus juglans.

https://wikidiff.com/hickory/walnut



  In government schools and many public works5) the buildings, dress, and many of the manners are greatly similar to what the young people of America are accustomed to seeing; but in the homes many things are very different. There are no chairs, no bedsteads6), no dressers7), no dining tables8), no chimneys, no fireplaces or stoves.

 公立学校や多くの公共施設では、建物、服装、そしてマナーの多くは、アメリカの若者が見慣れているものと非常に似ている。しかし、家の中では多くのことが非常に異なっている。椅子、寝台、鏡付き化粧ダンス、ダイニングテーブル、煙突、暖炉も、ストーブも、どれも見当たらない。
5) public works: 公共事業、公共施設
6) bedstead: 寝台の骨組み
7) dresser: 鏡付き化粧ダンス
8) dining table: ダイニングテーブル、食卓


  The principal9) rooms of the houses have no doors or windows proper10), but two or more sides of each room are made in pieces, which slide upon each other, back and forth. The whole house may be easily turned into one room, and whole sides of houses may be opened for the summer day. The different kinds of curious shoes never touch the matted floors. You can generally tell the number of inmates11) present at a house, or the number of guests at a hotel, by counting the shoes at the door.
 家の主な部屋にはドアや厳密な意味での窓はないのだが、各部屋の二つ以上の側面がいくつにも分かれていて、互いにすれ違いに動き、前後にすっと動く。家全体を一つの部屋に帰ることもでき、夏の日には家の側面全体を開け広げることができる。さまざまな種類の不思議なマット(畳)敷きの床に触れることはない。玄関先の靴を数えることで、今、家の中にだいたい何人いるのかとか、ホテルの宿泊客の数を知ることができる。
9) principal: 主な、主要な
10) proper: [通例名詞の後で]厳密な意味での、本来の
11) inmate: 入所者

  
  In well-to-do12) homes cleanliness is very marked13), but rags14) and filth15) are plenteous16) in some quarters17). The rich man in silk dashes18), in jinrikisha, by his begging fellow men19). The extremes of life are here, as else where20).
 裕福な家では、清潔さが非常に目立つのだが、一部の地域では、ぼろ布や汚物にまみれている。絹をまとった金持ちが人力車で物乞い達のそばを勢いよく駆け抜ける。人生の両極端はここにあり、他の場所もそうであるように。
12) well-to-do: 裕福な
13) marked: 著しい、きわ立った、明白な
14) rag: ぼろ布(きれ)、ぼろ
15) filth: 汚物
16) plenteous: plentiful, (ありあまるほど)豊富な、多くの
17) quarter: (都市内で特定の人々の住む)地域、街
18) dash: 勢いよく走る
19) fellow man: 人間同士、同胞
20) else where: (比較なし)どこかよそに[へ、で];そのほかの橋では


  The mats that form the floor are of closely woven grass, padded underneath and braided21) around. Each mat is three feet wide and six feet long. You tell of the size of a house by naming the number of rooms and the number of mats to each room. Two mats make a tsubo. Ground22) to the extent23) of three hundred tsubo rests24) at five dollars a year.
  Most homes have hanging25) about them somewhere an attractive tablet26) upon which is inscribed27) in Chinese characters the motto or charm of the house. At my house it is, when translated, "Bright moon in the clouds, beautiful flowers among the leaves28)."
--- 訳 省略 ---

21) braid: 結ぶ、縁取る
22) ground: 用地、敷地
23) to the extent of : ~の程度まで、~の範囲で
24) rent: 賃貸しされる
25) hanging: 壁掛け
26) tablet: 銘板、刻板
27) inscribe: 記入する、刻む
28) Bright moon in the clouds, beautiful flowers among the leaves.
雲間明月 葉隠の花
葉隠に散りとどまれる花のみぞ忍びし人に逢う心地する
西行法師(1118-1190)の「山家集」の「恋」の章

  September 13.-- Yesterday I went to Takahama to bathe29), but the sea was rough and it rained. I took refuge30) in a small building that is being constructed there as a kind of port-house31), and a lesson was taken in Japanese mechanics32).
--- 訳 省略 ---
29) bathe: 海水浴へ行く
30) take refuge: ・・・に逃避する、・・・して難を避ける
31) port-house: (複数形 port-houses) A building that contains the offices of officials responsible for  running a port, space for customs, etc. (Weblio)
32) mechanics: 操作、技巧、手順

https://www.sakanouenokumomuseum.jp/gis/photo/mitsuhama_map.html
高浜へ海水浴へ行った・・・
三津高浜地図 2021 s.jpg
三津高浜地図 明治 s.jpg
Map of Mitsu Takahama in Meiji era.
082高浜湊南桟橋.jpg
高浜湊南桟橋 Southern Pier of Takahama port
085四十島ターナー島.jpg
四十島 ターナー島 Shijyushima, Turner island

The principal workmen were two beautifully formed men, clothed with a long girdle33) around the loins. Delicate as women, they plied34) their art very deftly35), pulling, not pushing, the plane. They used much whetstone36), and when they pulled, great shavings37), the whole length of the timber, flew. The planes themselves were delicate, but good implements38), the metal being very nicely set in thin wood. Another was devoting himself to sawing a piece out of a rough four-by-six block, round on one side39). He sat on the floor with the piece clutched between his feet, and worked away with his little saw. I held the plank for one of the planers. It amused and pleased him.
--- 訳 省略 ---
33) girdle: 腰巻、ベルト
34) ply: 〈仕事・商売〉に精をだす
35) deftly: 器用に、上手に、すばやく
36) whetstone: 砥石
37) shaving: 削りくず、かんなくず
大工鉋掛け 明治.jpg
近現代における鉋の変遷について 岐阜市立女子短期大学研究紀要第60
考察:江戸時代には二枚鉋は存在していなかった。明治時代に入り、西洋鉋が輸入されるようになり、それをもとにした二枚鉋の仕組みが明治18年に示され、手工用の鉋としての二枚鉋は明治22年には存在した。
 一方、鉋を使用する職人は、明治時代の古写真で見る限り二枚鉋は使用していない。大工道具商報告には明治35年には合鉋の裏金が販売されていることで、二枚鉋は存在した。諸和初年まで二枚鉋は素人用や手工用であった。
西洋鉋 s.jpg
B: iron; a steel blade which cuts the wood
F: cap iron or chipbreaker; reinforces the iron and curls and breaks apart wood shavings as they pass through the mouth.
西洋鉋二枚刃.jpg
一枚二枚刃の削りの図.jpg
38) implement: 道具、用具、器具
39) round on one side: 片方が丸い


  One inmate40) of the house seemed to be a rough but manly boatman whom the waves had driven to this haven41). He politely offered me a smoke from his own nasty42) pipe. He thought that he was showing me respect, and I thanked him.
40) inmate: any of a group occupying a single place or residence, 入所者
41) haven: 港、停泊所、避難所、a place of safety
42) nasty: 不快な、不潔な

キセルの構造 JT
先端に火皿がついた「雁首」、たばこの煙を通す「羅宇
」、煙を吸う「吸い口」の3つから構成されます。火皿と水口を金属などで作り、羅宇に竹や木などを用いた「羅宇キセル」と、すべてを金属で作った「延べキセル」の2種類に分けられます。
キセルの構造 JT.jpg
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